Useful mathematical/scientific characters
| Name
| Symbol
| Encoding
|
| Degrees
| °
| °
|
| Prime
| ′
| ′
|
| Double prime
| ″
| ″
|
| Square root
| √
| √
|
| Cube root
| ∛
| ∛
|
| Plus or minus
| ±
| ±
|
| Product
| ×
| ×
|
| Dot operator
| ⋅
| ⋅
|
| Circle operator
| ∘
| ∘
|
| Direct sum
| ⊕
| ⊕
|
| Congruent to
| ≡
| ≡
|
| Not congruent to
| ≢
| ≢
|
| Asymptotic to
| ∼
| ∼
|
| Approximately equal
| ≈
| ≈
|
| Isomorphic to
| ≅
| ≅
|
| Proportional to
| ∝
| ∝
|
| Much greater than
| ≫
| ≫
|
| Much less than
| ≪
| ≫
|
| Member of
| ∈
| ∈
|
| Not member of
| ∉
| ∉
|
| Intersection
| ∩
| ∩
|
| Union
| ∪
| ∪
|
| Contained in
| ⊆
| ⊆
|
| Not contained in
| ⊈
| ⊈
|
| Strictly contained in
| ⊂
| ⊂
|
| Contains
| ⊇
| ⊇
|
| Doesn't contain
| ⊉
| ⊉
|
| Strictly contains
| ⊃
| ⊃
|
| Repeated sum
| ∑
| ∑
|
| Repeated product
| ∏
| ∏
|
| Integral
| ∫
| ∫
|
| Gradient
| ∇
| ∇
|
| Divides
| ∣
| ∣
|
| Doesn't divide
| ∤
| ∤
|
| Double vertical bars
| ∥
| ∥
|
| Maps to
| →
| →
|
| Element maps to
| ↦
| ↦
|
| Bidirectional arrows
| ⇄
| ⇄
|
| If and only if
| ⇔
| ⇔
|
| Infinity
| ∞
| ∞
|
| Planck's constant
| ℎ
| ℎ
|
| Planck's constant / 2π
| ℏ
| ℏ
|
| Weierstrass P
| ℘
| ℘
|
| Cyrillic Sha (capital)
| Ш
| Ш
|
| Complex numbers
| ℂ
| ℂ
|
| Quaternions
| ℍ
| ℍ
|
| Natural numbers
| ℕ
| ℕ
|
| Projective space
| ℙ
| ℙ
|
| Rational numbers
| ℚ
| ℚ
|
| Real numbers
| ℝ
| ℝ
|
| Integers
| ℤ
| ℤ
|